Iterambere rya LED

Iterambere rya LED riva mubuvumbuzi bwa laboratoire kugeza impinduramatwara yo kumurika kwisi yose. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya LED, ubu LED ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri:
-Urumuri rwo mu rugo:Amatara maremare, amatara yo hejuru, amatara yintebe
-Itara ry'ubucuruzi:amatara, amatara, amatara
-Itara ryo mu nganda:amatara yo gucukura, amatara maremare
-Urumuri rwo hanze:amatara yo kumuhanda, amatara nyaburanga, amatara ya pisine
-Itara ryimodoka:Amatara maremare, amatara yumunsi, amatara
-Kina LED:ecran yo kwamamaza, Mini LED TV
-Itara ryihariye:UV ikiza itara, itara ryo gukura

Muri iki gihe, dushobora kubona LED ahantu hose mubuzima bwacu, ibi nibisubizo byikinyejana hafi yimbaraga, dushobora kumenya gusa iterambere rya LED nkikubita 4:
1.Ubushakashatsi bwambere (mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 -1960)
-Kuvumbura electroluminescence (1907)
Injeniyeri w’Ubwongereza Henry Joseph Round yabanje kureba electroluminescence kuri kariside ya silicon karbide (SiC), ariko ntiyayiga byimbitse.
Mu 1927, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w’Abasoviyeti Oleg Losev yakomeje kwiga no gusohora impapuro, zifatwa nk '“se wa tewolojiya ya LED”, ariko ubushakashatsi bwahagaritswe kubera Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.

-LED yambere ifatika yavutse (1962)
Nick Holonyak Jr., Inganda Rusange Yamashanyarazi (GE) Yahimbye urumuri rwa mbere rugaragara LED (itara ritukura, ibikoresho bya GaAsP) .ibi biranga LED kuva muri laboratoire kugeza mubucuruzi, yabanje gukoreshwa mubipimo byerekana ibikoresho.

2. Iterambere ryamabara LED (1970s-1990)
-Icyatsi kibisi n'umuhondo cyatangijwe (1970)
1972: M. George Craford (umunyeshuri wa Holonyak) yahimbye LED y'umuhondo (ikubye inshuro 10).
1980: Ibikoresho bya Aluminium, gallium na arsenic (AlGaAs) byazamuye cyane imikorere yimyenda itukura, yakoreshwaga mumatara yumuhanda nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

-Ibara rya LED impinduramatwara (1990)
1993: Umuhanga w’Ubuyapani Shuji Nakamura (Shuji Nakamura) muri Nichia chimique (Nichia) yateye imbere ya gallium nitride (GaN) ishingiye kuri LED yubururu, yatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki cya 2014.Ibimenyetso biranga Ubururu LED + fosifori = LED yera, bishyiraho urufatiro rw’amatara agezweho ya LED.

3. Icyamamare cya LED yera no kumurika (2000s-2010s)
-Ubucuruzi bwa LED bwera (2000s)
Nichia Chemical, Cree, Osram hamwe nandi masosiyete yatangije ibitanda byera byera cyane kugirango bisimbuze buhoro buhoro amatara yaka na fluorescent.
2006: Isosiyete y'Abanyamerika Cree yasohoye LED ya mbere 100lm / W LED, irenze itara rya fluorescent.
(Muri 2006 Itara rya Heguang ritangira gutanga urumuri rwa LED munsi y'amazi)

-Yashyizwe mu mucyo rusange (2010)
2010: Igiciro cya LED cyaragabanutse cyane, kandi ibihugu byo ku isi byashyize mu bikorwa "kubuza abazungu" (nk'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bwakuyeho amatara yaka umuriro muri 2012).
2014: Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki cyahawe Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano na Shuji Nakamura kubera uruhare bagize mu buriri.

4. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya LED (2020 kugeza ubu)
-Mini LED & Micro LED
Mini LED: Yifashishijwe kuri TVS yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nka Apple Pro Display XDR), esports ya ecran, itara ryiza cyane.
Micro LED: pigiseli-yaka-luminike, biteganijwe ko izasimbura OLED (Samsung, SONY yatangije ibicuruzwa bya prototype).

- Amatara yubwenge na Li-Fi
LED LED: ubushyuhe bwamabara ashobora guhinduka, kugenzura imiyoboro (nka Philips Hue).
Li-Fi: Gukoresha urumuri rwa LED mu kohereza amakuru, byihuse kuruta Wi-Fi (laboratoire yageze kuri 224Gbps).

- UV LED hamwe nibisabwa bidasanzwe
Uv-c LED: Yifashishwa mu kuboneza urubyaro (nk'ibikoresho byo kwanduza UV mu gihe cy'icyorezo).
Gukura kw'ibihingwa LED: Guhindura uburyo bwo kuzamura umusaruro w'ubuhinzi.

Kuva kuri "urumuri rwerekana" kugeza "kumurika rusange": imikorere yiyongereyeho inshuro 1.000 kandi igiciro kigabanukaho 99%, kumenyekanisha LED kwisi yose bigabanya toni miriyoni amagana y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere buri mwaka, LED ihindura isi! mugihe kizaza, LED irashobora guhindura imyiyerekano, itumanaho, ubuvuzi nizindi nganda nyinshi! Tuzategereza turebe!